Monday, May 04, 2020

Architectural Clavis




Aesthetic

How does an object look? Should we critique an object on its looks? Or is an objects aesthetic a defined set of responses for a look, one that unifies a vision? Maybe it’s not so obtuse, and probably involves all the above, but not yet considered as personal. An aesthetic has to be personal, otherwise a response will not exist.
Francis D. K. Ching describes ‘’aesthetic’’ as the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of art, beauty and taste, with a view to establishing the meaning and validity of critical judgements concerning works of art… Visual Dictionary of Architecture pg.10
A conscious use of the senses to understand the environment which manifest in an aesthetic response… as Bloomer and Moore described their understanding to aesthetic as being the ‘’sensual social art response to real human desires and feelings…’’ In relation to buildings, architecture has to do with the planning, designing and constructing form, space and ambience that reflect functional, technical, social, environmental, and aesthetic considerations.

Architecture

‘’The art and science of designing and constructing buildings’’. Outside this seemingly simple explanation lies many complex analogies in which a sense of the word is more often referenced. Where a simple activity includes for the building only, other habitable environments are also part of architecture, the built-environment could be used as a more encompassing phrase. Conceptually shifting the sense within limited boundaries, it can also mean the style and/or method of a built-environment characteristic of a people, place or time but one thing that unifies the many significance of the word is the conscious act of forming things resulting in a unifying or coherent structure.

Aspect

A term with multi meaning within architecture, the first being an aspect of view, when in a space, positioned in a particular spot, oriented to a specific direction, this is an ‘aspect’ of which the Architectural Practitioner must consider and re-consider during the design process. Architecture also encompasses the pragmatic ‘aspects’ of realizing buildings and structures, including scheduling, cost estimating and construction administration.

Building Regulations

The series of ‘’Approved Documents’’ used by construction professionals (produced by The Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government) are published as guidance on ways to meet building regulations. The building regulations themselves are stature law and generally short with no advice or guidance.

An important note is that the Approved Documents are guidance and other robust details are possible to achieve the building regulations, there are other ways to satisfy the rules.

Circulation

Although a seemingly easy task to analyse, this aspect of architecture can be forgotten, meaning the existing/current circulation remains after major structural work will have changed the massing and orientation. Good circulation is the confirmation that movement from activity space to activity space is generous and instinctual. Any change in architecture demands a re-visit and for something as fundamental as circulation needs to be revisited several times to challenge the revised and renewed philosophy. Fundamentally, circulation is the convenience of the space for the client; this must be set to optimum.

Client Representative/ Compliance Teams

Dependant on contracts (whether traditional, D&B or management) the client will always need a group of trustworthy paid professionals. The minutiae of responsibility is not being explained here but the importance of the team is. The advice given by these professionals needs documenting, and distributing so each and every member knows the comments and thoughts of the other. This leads to satisfied clients with a project even the professionals are glad to have been part of.

Traditionally an architectural practitioner takes the lead role, but it has been known for designers and struct. eng. to also adopt this responsibility. In pure management contracts it is deemed that the client themselves, by default, is the ‘head’ in the project hierarchy. Where nowadays the pure contract form is rare to find, the best tool is a design responsibility matrix where responsibilities are allocated early on when building the team.
BIM, Construction and NBS: BIM and LOD


Environment

In architecture this is often used with specific focus on the edifice and its immediate surroundings, the totality of surrounding conditions. It is used for both physical and metaphysical descriptions.

To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building should be constructed in a manner which is environmentally friendly in terms of the production of its materials, its impact upon the natural and built environment of its surrounding area and the demands that it makes upon non-sustainable power sources for heating, cooling, water and waste management and lighting.

Further environment conditions are … activity, lighting,

Function before form

This approach to architecture is both hugely overused and then term hugely mis-interpreted. The principle philosophy stems from the late nineteenth century when developments in materials allowed architects to flex the structure rather than continually adorn post and beam structures with ornamentation. The two activities ‘function’ and ‘form’ are often considered to be separate when, for them to perform to their ambition, they do indeed need to be one; and are indeed one. The idea that design is driven by function is admirable and must be encouraged BUT, the form be reflective by nature of the process. The following of the rules demands the two be one, creating integument systems which become the space.

Fixtures and Furnishings

Seemingly simple to differentiate but at times the lines become blurred, the contract not clear enough and litigation pursues. At high level, fixtures are all the items fixed into place during the build; think plumbers’ pipes or electricians’ cables, pretty much anything that cannot be removed without major work. What needs confirming are the visual aspects associated with these parts of the works, and if they are included in your contract; indeed, if they are included, then what quality level is included. I would look at these items as being necessary for the installation to work, without them the complete fixture is not fit for purpose but the finishing touches can leave a lot to be desired from both an aesthetic and quality perspective...

Furnishings are pretty much everything else that coalesces the interior and exterior aesthetics, such as tiles for walls and floors, carpets, joinery… furnishings are often an afterthought but with some foresight you can increase the quality of the build. The integument can be designed to accommodate perfectly the furnishing and make more robust the installation.

Sustainability

Does not and should not mean expensive; nor does engaging sustainable processes mean you will become an eco-warrior who’ll start hugging trees (although I highly recommend the later) but it does mean you can do your bit. Surprisingly to some, sustainability on the right shoulders can actually be time and cost saving, it all needs to be weighted up and seen as a whole. So, as well as the low carbon, ‘’ reduce re-use recycle’’, green cred, and other monikers bounded about, sustainability can cost you less; both immediately and longer term.

Residential example - A simple example might be (if your lucky enough to live in a 2 story or taller abode) the diversion of bath water into a wall mounted reservoir (generally to the side of the house) and then use this ‘grey’ water for flushing a ground floor toilet. No mechanical machines needed to affect cost and introduce maintenance, plus downstairs loos are known to be used more than those upstairs due to the living quarters being on the ground floor. A simple diverter valve can also be used in the even the reservoir fills up and needs draining into the main water sewage system. Simple and all gravity fed. (This can scale from a single abode to buildings of multi occupancy/apartments or even hotels.)

Residential example - Another good example is the misnomer that green/brown roofs are high maintenance, risky regards keeping alive and expensive to install.  When procuring the roof, choose EDPM, a single ply membrane material that reduces risk of water ingress often found with other systems when water leeches in joints; then with careful specification, choose the most appropriate growing medium and corrugated trays and voila you have a low maintenance green/brown roof. Get the flora right and the fauna will follow too; dress the space with logs and stones for a more ecological twist giving an even lower maintenance roof.

e.g. Green roof section drawing.

Outside these two pretty small-scale sustainable systems, larger processes from solar to wind to ground sourced heat are configurable to power the whole property or simply power an aspect important to the client. We have installed a hot water valve system where it supplied hot water for the underfloor heating system installed on the whole ground floor of a cottage. Grid electricity remained and all the water/waste was schemed as a traditional 2 pipe system.

GREENWASH – Usually associated with marketing companies trying hard to make their clients looks good, when really, they are pretty atrocious, but can be transferred as a principle to residential scale discussions.  Typically used by people who don’t really know what they are talking about and often a disguise to pulling the wool over our eyes. Often when a sustainable credential is not exactly what is seems, then this will be the greenwash. Offset of carbon credits is the corporate term, and on site, any ruthless builder will say ‘… don’t need to separate our waste, just chuck it in the skip. They do all dan the waste recycling place..’; just a different type of greenwash. If your waste is not separated then it goes into general waste and off to land fill rather than re-used, recycled or reduce